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Related Experiment Videos

Stimulus recognition and the mere exposure effect.

R F Bornstein1, P R D'Agostino

  • 1Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania 17325.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Subliminal stimuli, perceived without awareness, create stronger mere exposure effects than consciously perceived stimuli. This study experimentally confirms that very brief, subliminal exposures yield greater familiarity effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Perceptual Science

Background:

  • The mere exposure effect suggests familiarity increases with repeated exposure.
  • Prior meta-analysis indicated subliminal stimuli yield larger effects than consciously perceived stimuli.
  • Direct laboratory testing of this discrepancy was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally compare the mere exposure effect magnitude for subliminal (5 ms) versus consciously perceivable (500 ms) stimuli.
  • To investigate if subliminal mere exposure effects are significantly larger than those from supraliminal exposures.
  • To test these effects across various stimulus types.

Main Methods:

  • Two laboratory experiments were conducted.
  • Participants were exposed to stimuli (polygons, Welsh figures, photographs) for either 5 ms (subliminal) or 500 ms (supraliminal).

Related Experiment Videos

  • The mere exposure effect was measured by comparing preference ratings after exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Subliminal (5 ms) stimuli produced significantly larger mere exposure effects than supraliminal (500 ms) stimuli in both experiments.
    • This effect was consistent across polygon, Welsh figure, and photograph stimuli.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that unconscious perception enhances the mere exposure effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct experimental evidence confirms that subliminal stimuli generate stronger mere exposure effects than consciously perceived stimuli.
    • These results have significant implications for theoretical models of familiarity and preference formation.
    • The study underscores the potent influence of unconscious perception on attitudes and evaluations.