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The Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1).

E M Wright1, E Turk, K Hager

  • 1Department of Physiology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1751.

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Sodium-glucose cotransporters actively transport nutrients into cells. Researchers identified key amino acids, Asp28 and Arg300, crucial for the function of these vital Na+ transport proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Physiology

Background:

  • Sodium-dependent cotransporters are vital for active nutrient and ion uptake in bacteria and animal cells.
  • These proteins play a critical role in salt and water transport across epithelia in the small intestine and kidney.
  • The intestinal brush border Na+/glucose cotransporter is a well-characterized example of this important protein class.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clone, sequence, and express rabbit and human Na+/glucose cotransporters.
  • To elucidate the structure-function relationship of Na+/glucose cotransporters.
  • To identify critical residues for the functional expression and transport activity of Na+/glucose cotransporters.

Main Methods:

  • Gene cloning, sequencing, and expression of Na+/glucose cotransporters in oocytes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Secondary structure analysis to predict membrane topology.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to identify essential residues.
  • Electrophysiological techniques to correlate structure and function.

    • Main Results:

    • cDNAs code for 73kDa proteins with high sequence identity (86%) between rabbit and human.
    • A 12 membrane-spanning helical model was proposed, with N- and C-termini in the cytoplasm.
    • Asp28 and Arg300 were identified as essential residues for functional expression.
    • A mutation in Asp28 caused glucose-galactose malabsorption, and altering Arg300 abolished transport activity.

    Conclusions:

    • The Na+/glucose cotransporter structure is conserved between species.
    • Specific amino acid residues, Asp28 and Arg300, are critical for cotransporter function.
    • Understanding these residues provides insights into transport mechanisms and genetic defects like glucose-galactose malabsorption.