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Related Experiment Videos

Mitral valve billowing and prolapse--an overview.

J B Barlow1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University of the Witwatersand, Parktown, South Africa.

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Mitral valve prolapse, often termed

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • The origin of nonejection systolic clicks and late systolic murmurs is the mitral valve.
  • A specific syndrome is linked to primary degenerative mitral valve lesions.
  • Confusion persists regarding the term 'prolapse' for mitral valve anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the distinction between normal mitral valve variants and pathological prolapse.
  • To define the progression of mitral valve prolapse and its complications.
  • To outline management strategies for mitral valve prolapse symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography for evaluating mitral valve morphology.
  • Morphological and histological examination of mitral valve tissue.
  • Clinical assessment of patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Main Results:

  • A spectrum exists from normal mitral leaflet billowing to advanced prolapse.
  • True prolapse occurs with leaflet edge apposition failure, leading to mitral regurgitation.
  • Complications include systemic emboli, infective endocarditis, arrhythmias, and autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing normal variants from pathological mitral valve prolapse is challenging.
  • Mitral valve prolapse can progress to severe regurgitation and associated complications.
  • Rheumatic anterior leaflet prolapse remains prevalent in certain regions.

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