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Trigeminal nerve-mediated reflex arterial blood pressure decrease and vasodilatation in lower lip of the rabbit.

Makoto Yasuda1, Hiroshi Izumi

  • 1Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan.

Brain Research
|September 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Electrical stimulation of the lingual nerve (LN) in rabbits affects blood flow differently based on frequency. Higher frequencies increase ipsilateral lower lip blood flow (LBF), while lower frequencies decrease blood pressure and contralateral LBF.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • The lingual nerve (LN) plays a role in sensory and motor functions, but its influence on blood flow regulation is not fully understood.
  • Understanding neural control of blood flow is crucial for various physiological and pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation of the lingual nerve on lower lip blood flow (LBF) and arterial blood pressure in rabbits.
  • To determine the optimal stimulus frequencies for observed changes in LBF and blood pressure.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the role of autonomic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the lingual nerve in anesthetized rabbits.
  • Measurement of ipsilateral and contralateral lower lip blood flow (LBF) and arterial blood pressure.

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  • Administration of pharmacological agents including hexamethonium, scopolamine, phentolamine, and propranolol to assess receptor involvement.

    • Main Results:

    • Stimulation frequency modulated responses: higher frequencies (optimal 20 Hz) increased ipsilateral LBF, while lower frequencies (optimal ~10 Hz) decreased contralateral LBF and arterial blood pressure (optimal ~2 Hz).
    • The decrease in arterial blood pressure correlated with contralateral LBF decrease, but not ipsilateral LBF increase.
    • Hexamethonium and higher-dose phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg) reduced both responses, while other antagonists had no significant effect.

    Conclusions:

    • The LN-evoked reflex increase in ipsilateral LBF appears to be mediated by active vasodilation via parasympathetic mechanisms and is independent of blood pressure changes.
    • The decrease in contralateral LBF is likely secondary to the reduction in arterial blood pressure.
    • Autonomic pathways, particularly involving sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, play a role in lingual nerve-mediated cardiovascular and local blood flow regulation.