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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in Mexico
Alonso Montoya1, Magdalena Ocampo, Antonio Torres-Ruiz
1Brain Imaging Group, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada. alonzo.montoya@douglas.mcgill.ca
Summary
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) occurred in 0.165% of patients, with haloperidol being the most common cause. While NMS is rare, careful diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening condition associated with antipsychotic medications.
- Understanding NMS frequency and presentation is vital for patient safety in psychiatric care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of NMS in a Mexican referral center.
- To analyze the specific neuroleptic agents and patient factors associated with NMS.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of patient records from 1990-1999 was conducted.
- Clinical features, treatment, and long-term outcomes of NMS cases were assessed.
- Follow-up assessments were performed up to 36 months post-episode.
Main Results:
- The incidence of NMS was 0.165% (8 out of 4831 patients).
- Haloperidol was the most frequently implicated drug; other agents included depot pipotiazine palmitate and levomepromazine maleate.
- No fatal outcomes occurred, and only one patient experienced persistent sequelae.
Conclusions:
- The observed NMS frequency was lower than in some international studies.
- Factors potentially contributing to lower frequency include the use of atypical antipsychotics and diagnostic vigilance.
- Physician familiarity with NMS diagnosis may influence reported incidence.