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Related Concept Videos

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Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Salts with Acidic Ions
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WinSAAM: a windows-based compartmental modeling system.

Darko Stefanovski1, Peter J Moate, Raymond C Boston

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19348, USA.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|September 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary

WinSAAM is a powerful software for creating complex biological models. It aids in simulating experiments and fitting data for pharmacokinetic and metabolic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Metabolic Systems
  • Biological Modeling

Background:

  • Complex, dynamic, compartmental models have been utilized for decades in biological and pharmacokinetic research.
  • Sophisticated software is essential for fitting data and making predictions with these models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the features of WinSAAM, a modeling program.
  • To highlight WinSAAM's unique capabilities for biological system modeling.
  • To demonstrate WinSAAM's application in constructing metabolic models, simulating experiments, and fitting data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing WinSAAM software for biological system modeling.
  • Constructing compartmental models of metabolic systems.
  • Simulating experimental effects on biological systems.
  • Fitting models to experimental data using WinSAAM.

Main Results:

  • WinSAAM offers features suitable for diverse biological system modeling.
  • New and unique features enhance WinSAAM's modeling capabilities.
  • Examples illustrate successful model construction, simulation, and data fitting.

Conclusions:

  • WinSAAM is a versatile tool for pharmacokinetic and metabolic modeling.
  • The software facilitates the analysis of complex biological systems.
  • WinSAAM supports the simulation and data analysis lifecycle for biological models.