[Spina bifida. Congenital malformation]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Developmental Biology
• Pediatrics

Context:

• Spina bifida represents the most frequent congenital anomaly affecting the central nervous system.
• This condition originates during early embryonic development, approximately two weeks post-conception.
• The etiology of spina bifida is multifactorial, with outcomes varying based on the lesion's location.

Purpose:

• To outline essential nursing and physiotherapeutic interventions for individuals with spina bifida.
• To detail management strategies for neonatal care, anesthetic skin, sphincter incontinence, deformities, and ambulation.
• To emphasize the importance of an integrated therapeutic approach for enhancing patient independence.

Summary:

• This review details critical nursing and physiotherapy interventions for spina bifida management.
• Key areas covered include neonatal care, skin integrity, incontinence, orthopedic deformities, and mobility.
• The focus is on establishing a holistic treatment plan to promote patient autonomy.

Impact:

• Provides a foundational guide for healthcare professionals managing spina bifida patients.
• Highlights the necessity of multidisciplinary care for optimizing functional outcomes.
• Aims to improve the quality of life and independence for individuals affected by spina bifida.