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Related Experiment Videos

Imprinting errors and developmental asymmetry.

Timothy H Bestor1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. thb12@columbia.edu

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Gene expression is controlled by activation/repression or gene silencing. Loss of imprinting in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, particularly in female monozygotic twins, may stem from epigenetic errors.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation involves activation/repression and gene silencing mechanisms.
  • Silencing affects imprinted genes, X inactivation, and transposon promoters.
  • Disruptions in gene silencing, like loss of imprinting, can lead to developmental abnormalities and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms underlying gene silencing and its role in developmental disorders.
  • To investigate the perplexing genetics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) in monozygotic twins.
  • To propose a model explaining the loss of imprinting in BWS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of gene expression regulatory mechanisms (activation, repression, silencing).
  • Analysis of known conditions associated with loss of imprinting, focusing on Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Formulation of a theoretical model for BWS genetics in monozygotic twins.

    • Main Results:

    • Gene silencing is a distinct mechanism from activation/repression, crucial for specific gene sets.
    • Loss of imprinting is implicated in developmental disorders like BWS.
    • BWS is unusually common and discordant in monozygotic twins, predominantly females.

    Conclusions:

    • The study proposes a model involving stochastic errors in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) trafficking or opposing paternal methylation functions to explain BWS genetics.
    • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for addressing developmental abnormalities.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise pathways causing loss of imprinting in BWS.