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Related Experiment Videos

Why do so many drug users smoke?

Robert M McCool1, Kimber Paschall Richter

  • 1Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Mail-Stop 1008, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. rmccool@kumc.edu

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|September 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Most individuals in drug treatment smoke due to the complementary relationship between smoking, methadone, and drug use. These behaviors share cues and withdrawal symptoms, necessitating combined treatment approaches for addiction.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Public health
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • A significant number of individuals undergoing drug treatment continue to smoke cigarettes.
  • The reasons behind this high smoking prevalence in addiction treatment populations are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore patients' perspectives on the interconnections between their smoking habits, methadone use, and illicit drug consumption.
  • To identify the perceived relationships that maintain smoking behavior among individuals in drug treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted seven focus groups with 68 current smokers and 10 individual interviews with former smokers in methadone clinics.
  • Utilized audio-taped, transcribed, and coded data from participants aged 18+ who smoked at least five cigarettes daily and used methadone for over two years.

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Main Results:

  • Patients perceived smoking and drug use as complementary, citing examples like smoking to mask methadone's taste or using drugs for smoking-related pain.
  • Smoking and drug use were seen as similar due to shared cues and withdrawal symptoms.
  • Smoking was differentiated from drug use by its fewer acute negative consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking, methadone use, and illicit drug use are closely intertwined for many patients in treatment.
  • Future addiction research and treatment strategies should integrate interventions for smoking cessation alongside existing addiction treatment protocols.