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Bioengineered human bone tissue using autogenous osteoblasts cultured on different biomatrices.

A Hofmann1, L Konrad, L Gotzen

  • 1Department of Traumatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Hofmann.trauma-surgery@gmx.net

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|October 1, 2003
PubMed
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This study developed a novel perfusion culture system to generate vital autogenous bone implants. This technique can create clinically applicable bone grafts within 17 days for treating critical-size bone defects.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Surgical treatment of critical-size posttraumatic bone defects remains a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery.
  • Advances in cellular and molecular biology offer new avenues for bone engineering and tissue repair.
  • Utilizing mitotically expanded, bone-derived cells presents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel perfusion culture system for generating bone grafts.
  • To assess the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human osteoblasts on different biomaterials.
  • To determine the optimal conditions for creating clinically applicable autogenous bone implants.

Main Methods:

  • Human osteoblasts were cultivated in a newly developed perfusion chamber using three different tissue carrier systems.

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  • Cell proliferation and expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein-2A, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor were analyzed.
  • Osteoblast function and viability were assessed using gene expression analysis and microscopic observation.

    • Main Results:

    • Human osteoblasts adhered to tissue carriers within 1 hour and completely overgrown bone pieces within 10 days.
    • Gene expression analysis indicated differentiating and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, along with mineralization.
    • Demineralized bone as a biomatrix significantly enhanced gene expression compared to autoclaved bone and hydroxyapatite ceramics.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed perfusion culture system enables the generation of vital autogenous bone implants of clinically applicable size.
    • These implants can be generated within 17 days, offering a potential solution for managing critical-size bone defects.
    • Demineralized bone serves as a superior biomatrix for osteoblast cultivation in this system.