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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells
08:54

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Published on: July 20, 2014

Epidermal growth factor in the oesophagus.

J Jankowski1, G Coghill, B Tregaskis

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Dundee.

Gut
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is found in normal esophageal lining but less in inflamed tissue. Abnormal EGF presence occurs in Barrett

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in gastrointestinal mitogenesis and oncogenesis.
  • The specific role of EGF in esophageal diseases requires further elucidation.
  • Understanding EGF's distribution is crucial for diagnosing and treating esophageal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the quantity and distribution of EGF in the esophageal mucosa.
  • To compare EGF levels in normal subjects versus patients with esophageal diseases.
  • To determine the association between EGF expression and conditions like esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus.

Main Methods:

  • Oesophageal biopsy specimens were collected from 72 patients and 30 controls.
  • Histological grading was performed on biopsy specimens.

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  • Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the distribution of EGF.

    • Main Results:

    • EGF was detected in the capillary endothelium of normal esophageal papillae and basal mucosa (81%).
    • Significantly lower EGF detection in inflamed esophageal mucosa (42%) compared to normal mucosa (p < 0.001).
    • Abnormal EGF expression was observed in epithelial cells of Barrett's mucosa, with higher quantities compared to gastric mucosa.

    Conclusions:

    • EGF is primarily located in the capillary endothelial cells of normal esophageal mucosa.
    • EGF detection is significantly reduced in inflamed esophageal mucosa.
    • Abnormal and elevated EGF presence in epithelial cells is characteristic of Barrett's mucosa.