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Retrograde reactions of Clarke's nucleus neurons after human spinal cord injury
Andreas B Schmitt1, Sebastian Breuer, Leyla Polat
1Aachen Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. neurodoc@gmx.de
Abstract:
Successful axon regeneration depends on the expression of regeneration-associated genes by axotomized neurons. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the expression of regeneration-associated genes by axotomized human CNS neurons. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed a transient induction of GAP-43 and c-jun in Clarke's nucleus neurons caudal to traumatic human spinal cord injury. These results support experimental data that nonregenerating central nervous system neurons can temporarily upregulate regeneration-associated genes, reflecting a transient regenerative capacity that fails over time.
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