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Serum tumor markers.

Greg L Perkins1, Evan D Slater, Georganne K Sanders

  • 1Ventura County Medical Center, Ventura, California, USA. gperkins@mcfarlandclinic.com

American Family Physician
|October 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Tumor markers, detected by monoclonal antibodies, are valuable for monitoring cancer therapy response and relapse. However, most lack the sensitivity for effective cancer screening, with exceptions like prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibodies enable detection of serum antigens linked to malignancies.
  • These tumor markers primarily aid in monitoring therapeutic response and early relapse detection.
  • Most tumor markers lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity for widespread cancer screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical utility of various serum tumor markers in oncology.
  • To highlight the applications of specific tumor markers in different cancer types.
  • To discuss the limitations of tumor markers in cancer screening versus monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies utilizing monoclonal antibody-based tumor markers.
  • Analysis of clinical applications for specific tumor markers including CA 27.29, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 125, AFP, beta-hCG, and PSA.
  • Evaluation of marker utility in screening, diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and recurrence detection.

Main Results:

  • Cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 is used for metastatic breast cancer therapy monitoring.
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) aids in colorectal cancer relapse detection; CA 19-9 assists in pancreatic mass evaluation.
  • CA 125 is useful for ovarian cancer management, AFP for hepatocellular carcinoma, beta-hCG for gestational trophoblastic disease, and PSA for prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor markers are essential for monitoring treatment efficacy and detecting cancer recurrence.
  • While some markers like PSA show screening utility, most are not suitable for general population screening.
  • Combined markers like AFP and beta-hCG are crucial for specific germ cell tumors and undifferentiated metastatic cancers.

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