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Acquired toxic methaemoglobinaemia.

S M Sachdeva, K V Mani, S K Adaval

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |April 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A foodborne illness outbreak caused by metanil yellow dye in rice affected 86 men, leading to methemoglobinemia. Prompt symptomatic treatment resulted in full recovery within 36 hours.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Food Safety

    Background:

    • Foodborne illnesses can arise from chemical contaminants in food.
    • Methemoglobinemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of methemoglobin in the blood.
    • Accidental ingestion of artificial dyes can lead to adverse health effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the causative agent of an outbreak of central cyanosis and constitutional symptoms.
    • To investigate the source and nature of a foodborne chemical poisoning incident.
    • To document the clinical presentation and recovery of individuals affected by methemoglobinemia due to dye ingestion.

    Main Methods:

    • Spectrometric analysis to detect methemoglobin levels in affected individuals.
    • Epidemiological investigation to trace the source of the illness.

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  • Toxicological examination of the suspected food item.

    • Main Results:

    • Eighty-six adult males presented with central cyanosis and constitutional symptoms 2-4 hours post-meal.
    • Spectrometry confirmed the presence of methemoglobin in affected individuals.
    • Metanil yellow dye used to color rice was identified as the toxic agent.

    Conclusions:

    • Metanil yellow dye in food can induce methemoglobinemia.
    • Prompt symptomatic treatment is effective for managing methemoglobinemia.
    • Public health surveillance and food safety regulations are crucial to prevent dye adulteration.