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Target cells in internal dosimetry.

W Gössner1

  • 1GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany. goessner@gsf.de

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|October 7, 2003
PubMed
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Radium exposure can cause bone sarcomas. Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells, not just bone lining cells, are likely targets, challenging previous radiation protection concepts.

Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Cell biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Radium exposure is linked to bone sarcomas.
  • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) identifies bone lining cells as primary targets.
  • Observed sarcoma types challenge this concept.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify target cells for radium-induced bone sarcomas.
  • To investigate the role of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells.
  • To propose a new conceptual framework for understanding sarcoma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human data on radium-induced bone sarcomas.
  • Differential distribution analysis of sarcoma types.
  • Evaluation of cellular and microenvironmental interactions.

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Main Results:

  • A high ratio of non-bone producing (fibroblastic) sarcomas suggests bone lining cells are not the sole targets.
  • Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells are identified as likely targets for fibroblastic sarcomas.
  • Sarcoma histogenesis is not dependent on a single target cell.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of bone lining cells as the exclusive target cells needs revision.
  • Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells are critical targets.
  • A new concept of 'histion' (a synergistic tissue unit) is proposed to understand radiation-induced sarcoma pathogenesis.