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Related Experiment Videos

Novel neural modulators.

Darren Boehning1, Solomon H Snyder

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dboehnin@jhmi.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|October 7, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Neural modulators like nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) challenge traditional neurotransmitter definitions. These molecules, along with D-serine from astrocytes, highlight novel synaptic signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular signaling
  • Neurochemistry

Background:

  • Traditional neurotransmitter definitions are challenged by novel signaling molecules.
  • Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are produced in neurons and modulate synaptic activity.
  • D-serine, synthesized by astrocytes, acts as an endogenous ligand for N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties of atypical neural modulators.
  • To discuss how these molecules challenge conventional understanding of neurotransmission.
  • To explore the roles of NO, CO, H2S, and D-serine in synaptic function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on NO, CO, H2S, and D-serine.
  • Analysis of the synthesis, release, and receptor interactions of these atypical modulators.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of their properties with classical neurotransmitters.

    • Main Results:

    • NO, CO, and H2S are synthesized in neurons but not stored in vesicles, acting via non-conventional mechanisms.
    • D-serine, produced by astrocytes, functions as a key modulator of NMDA receptor activity.
    • These findings expand the concept of signaling molecules within the nervous system.

    Conclusions:

    • Atypical neural modulators like NO, CO, H2S, and D-serine necessitate a broader definition of neurotransmission.
    • Their unique properties, including non-vesicular release and diverse receptor interactions, underscore complex synaptic regulation.
    • Further research into these molecules is crucial for understanding neural communication and developing therapeutic strategies.