Thio-derived disulfides as potent inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin type B: implications for zinc interaction

Botulinum neurotoxin type B causes the inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction resulting in a flaccid paralysis designated botulism. This occurs through the cleavage of synaptobrevin, an intracellular critical component of neurotransmitter exocytosis, by the zinc-metallopeptidase activity of the smallest subunit of the toxin. Blocking the proteolytic activity may present an attractive approach to treat botulism as to date there is no efficient specific drug therapy available. We have therefore recently described a series of beta-amino-thiol derived pseudotripeptides able of inhibiting the toxin at low (10(-8) M) concentration. In this study, binding characteristics of the protein's active site are explored through various structural modifications of the thiol functionality which was supposed to be a key structural constituent for effective zinc-ion chelation. Surprisingly, sulfanyl-derivatives such as symmetric disulfides were shown to be better inhibitors than their thiol-counterparts, the most potent compound displaying a Ki value of 3.4 nM.