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Endobronchial cryptococcosis in AIDS.

Tetsuya Kashiyama¹, Akiko Kimura

¹Internal Medicine, Respiratory and Critical Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohkubo Hospital, Japan. tty-ksym@fa2.so-net.ne.jp

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)

|October 8, 2003

Summary

Cryptococcosis, a common complication in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), can cause rare endobronchial abnormalities. This case highlights Cryptococcus neoformans as a potential cause of such lesions in immunocompromised individuals.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology
Immunology

Background:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients frequently develop thoracic complications.
Endobronchial abnormalities are uncommon manifestations of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.

Observation:

A 45-year-old male with a CD4+ cell count of 7/mm3 presented with cough, fever, and headache.
Radiology showed left lung consolidation with cavitation.
Bronchoscopy revealed white, plaque-like lesions in the trachea and left bronchi.

Findings:

Histopathology of endobronchial biopsy confirmed granulation tissue with encapsulated yeast.
Cryptococcus neoformans was identified in bronchial lavage cultures.

Implications:

Cryptococcal infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial abnormalities in AIDS patients.
This case underscores the importance of considering opportunistic infections in the respiratory tract of severely immunocompromised individuals.

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