Related Experiment Videos
Effects of power training on mechanical efficiency in jumping
H Kyröläinen1, J Avela, J M McBride
1Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40100, Jyväskylä, Finland. heikki@sport.jyu.fi
European Journal of Applied Physiology
|October 8, 2003
Summary
Power training significantly improved jumping performance by enhancing mechanical efficiency (ME). This involved reduced energy expenditure and increased muscle enzyme activity, leading to better neuromuscular function.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Mechanical efficiency (ME) is crucial for athletic performance in jumping activities.
- Understanding the impact of targeted training on ME is essential for optimizing athletic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of a 15-week power training program on the mechanical efficiency (ME) of jumping.
- To assess changes in maximal jumping velocity, submaximal energy expenditure, and relevant muscle enzyme activities.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-three subjects participated, with an experimental group undergoing 15 weeks of varied jumping exercises (drop jumps, hurdle jumps, hopping, bouncing) twice weekly.
- Maximal and submaximal jumping tests were conducted to measure take-off velocity and energy expenditure.
- Muscle enzyme activities (citrate synthase, beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase) in the gastrocnemius were analyzed.
Main Results:
- The experimental group showed a significant increase in maximal jumping take-off velocity (2.56 to 2.77 m/s).
- Submaximal jumping at 50% maximum effort resulted in decreased energy expenditure (660 to 502 J.kg(-1).min(-1)) and increased ME (37.2% to 47.4%).
- Significant increases in citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activities were observed, while phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. Control group showed no significant changes.
Conclusions:
- Power training enhances maximal jumping performance by approximately 8% through a 24% reduction in energy expenditure.
- Improvements in neuromuscular performance, joint control, intermuscular coordination, and aerobic capacity contribute to increased ME and reduced oxygen demands.