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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Cell-Free DNA Integrity Analysis in Urine Samples

Cell-Free DNA Integrity Analysis in Urine Samples

Published on: January 5, 2017

Endogenous urinary 3-hydroxyproline has 96% specificity and 44% sensitivity for cancer screening.

I Okazaki¹, S Matsuyama, F Suzuki

¹Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.

The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine

|December 1, 1992

Summary

Urinary hydroxyproline levels, particularly 3-hydroxyproline, show potential for cancer screening in general and workplace populations. While elevated in cancer patients, early-stage detection sensitivity remains limited.

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Published on: December 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Oncology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Endogenous urinary excretion of hydroxyprolines (3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline) may serve as biomarkers.
Assessing these biomarkers could aid in cancer screening for diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a method for determining urinary 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline levels.
To assess the utility of these hydroxyprolines as potential cancer screening biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Urinary hydroxyproline levels were quantified using an amino acid autoanalyzer.
Levels were compared between 97 cancer patients, 99 non-malignant disease patients, and 211 healthy individuals.

Main Results:

Cancer patients exhibited significantly higher urinary 3-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline levels compared to healthy individuals and those with non-malignant diseases.
3-hydroxyproline demonstrated higher sensitivity (44%) for detecting stage II cancers than 4-hydroxyproline.
Assay specificity was high for both hydroxyprolines, with 3-hydroxyproline showing 96% specificity against healthy individuals and 92% against non-malignant disease patients.

Conclusions:

Urinary 3-hydroxyproline warrants further investigation as a cancer screening tool for community and workplace settings.
Current data suggest limited effectiveness in detecting cancers at their earliest stages.