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Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Arema A Pereira1, Mark J Sarnak
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Kidney International. Supplement
|October 9, 2003
Summary
Anemia poses a risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in heart failure and chronic kidney disease patients. Further research is needed to understand anemia
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Hematology
Background:
- Chronic anemia can lead to adverse effects on myocardial and large arterial remodeling.
- Anemia is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological response to chronic anemia.
- To examine the adverse effects of anemia on cardiovascular remodeling.
- To evaluate the association between anemia and CVD outcomes in specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Review of observational data linking anemia to CVD outcomes.
- Analysis of studies evaluating hematocrit levels and CVD outcomes.
- Consideration of the impact of anemia etiology on CVD risk.
Main Results:
- Anemia is a risk factor for CVD outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
- Data on hematocrit levels and CVD outcomes in ischemic heart disease and the general population are inconclusive.
- The cause of anemia is a critical factor, as iron deficiency anemia may improve endothelial function.
Conclusions:
- Randomized controlled trials are needed for anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
- Further research is required to explore the cause of anemia and its varied effects on CVD outcomes in ischemic heart disease and the general population.