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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...
Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
SBAR I: Understanding the Concept01:29

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
Standardized methods of communication have been developed to ensure that information is...
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
10:38

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

Published on: January 16, 2019

An observational study of attending rounds.

M Miller1, B Johnson, H L Greene

  • 1University of Arizona, Tucson.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Attending physicians spent most clinical teaching time in conference rooms, not at the bedside. This observational study highlights opportunities to improve medical education during attending rounds.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Internal Medicine Training
  • Clinical Teaching Methods

Background:

  • Attending rounds are a cornerstone of clinical teaching in internal medicine.
  • The optimal allocation of time during attending rounds is not well-defined.
  • Understanding current practices is essential for improving educational effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current time allocation of attending physicians during clinical teaching rounds.
  • To compare estimated versus actual time spent on various activities during rounds.
  • To identify areas for improvement in the structure and delivery of attending rounds.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study was conducted in a university-based internal medicine department.
  • Data were collected using questionnaires and timed direct observations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
10:38

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

Published on: January 16, 2019

  • Physician activities were categorized and time spent in different locations was recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • Attending physicians spent 63% of their time in conference rooms, 26% in hallways, and only 11% at the patient bedside.
    • Significant discrepancies existed between estimated and observed time for patient discussions, interactions, data reviews, and presentations.
    • The study identified a substantial amount of time allocated to 'other' activities.

    Conclusions:

    • Current attending rounds predominantly occur outside the patient room, limiting direct patient interaction and bedside teaching.
    • Discrepancies in time allocation suggest a need for structured interventions to optimize clinical teaching.
    • A teaching workshop intervention could potentially improve the effectiveness of attending rounds.