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[Experimental approaches to perceptual dysfunction in schizophrenia].

P A Gargiulo1

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. gargiulo@lab.cricyt.edu.ar

Revista De Neurologia
|October 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show altered visual-motor perception. NMDA receptor antagonists in pigeons and rats models impaired performance and increased perseveration, suggesting a link to schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with perceptual alterations.
  • The nucleus accumbens septi (Acc) is implicated in schizophrenia.
  • Visual-motor gestaltic tests can quantify perceptual deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify perceptual alterations in schizophrenia using the Bender test.
  • To develop an animal model for studying schizophrenia pathophysiology.
  • To investigate the role of Acc neurotransmission in schizophrenia-related behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the visual-motor gestaltic Bender test to acute and chronic schizophrenic patients.
  • Trained pigeons in a discrimination shape task using a Skinner box.
  • Performed stereotaxic surgery for bilateral Acc implantation in pigeons.
  • Utilized N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists.
  • Used passive avoidance and plus maze tests in rats.

Main Results:

  • Chronic schizophrenic patients exhibited more rotations and distortions.
  • Acute schizophrenic patients showed increased perseverations.
  • NMDA receptor antagonists significantly decreased pigeon performance and increased correcting trials (perseveration).
  • Glutamatergic blockade in rat Acc disrupted acquisition in a passive avoidance task.
  • Glutamatergic blockade in rat Acc reduced anxiety levels in the plus maze test.

Conclusions:

  • The Bender test effectively quantifies perceptual alterations in schizophrenia.
  • Pharmacological modification of Acc neurotransmission in animal models shows promise for studying schizophrenia.
  • NMDA receptor antagonism in Acc is linked to behavioral inflexibility and anxiety changes, suggesting homologies with schizophrenic psychoses.

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