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[Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome].

F Sell-Salazar1

  • 1Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica. sellma@racsa.co.cr

Revista De Neurologia
|October 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 7-10% of school-aged children. This review examines ADHD subtypes, potential causes, and treatment options, including non-stimulant medications.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology

Context:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common early-onset childhood condition.
  • ADHD affects an estimated 7-10% of school-aged children globally.
  • Understanding ADHD's complex etiology and varied presentations is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose:

  • To provide a clinical characterization of ADHD syndromes based on DSM IV guidelines.
  • To explore the hypothesized etiological factors, including potential frontal lobe hypoperfusion and neurotransmitter involvement (noradrenaline, dopamine).
  • To review treatment approaches, focusing on psychostimulant response rates and the utility of non-stimulant medications.

Summary:

  • ADHD presents as two main syndromes: predominantly inattentive and combined type (hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention).

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  • While psychostimulants are effective for approximately 80% of children, this review evaluates cases with poor response.
  • Multidisciplinary assessment is vital for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to ADHD diagnosis and management.
    • Informs clinicians about the range of ADHD presentations and the role of non-stimulant pharmacotherapies.
    • Contributes to the understanding of ADHD's neurobiological underpinnings and treatment heterogeneity.