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Aetiology of haemospermia
1Department of Andrology and Urology of the National Medical Centre, Department of Andrology of the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. pappgy@hiete.hu
Andrologia
|October 11, 2003
Summary
Diagnosing haemospermia (blood in semen) involves detailed history, physical exams, and advanced imaging. Prostatic calculi, prostatitis, and prostate cancer are common causes, especially in men over 40.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Diagnostic Medicine
- Oncology
Background:
- Haemospermia, or blood in semen, often presents with unknown etiological factors.
- Diagnostic approaches require comprehensive evaluation, including detailed case history, physical examination, and ejaculate analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate an expanded diagnostic scheme for haemospermia incorporating novel imaging and biopsy techniques.
- To identify the most frequent causes of haemospermia and assess the role of malignancies.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a detailed diagnostic scheme including case history, physical examination, ejaculate analysis, microbiological analysis, noninvasive imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), urethroscopy, and biopsies.
- Analyzed two distinct time periods to compare the frequency of haemospermia causes.
Main Results:
- Prostatic calculi, chronic prostatitis, and prostate cancer were identified as the most frequent causes of haemospermia.
- Genital malignancies accounted for over 10% of cases, with only 2.4% occurring in patients under 40.
- Despite advanced imaging, 15% of haemospermia cases remained of unknown etiology.
Conclusions:
- A detailed diagnostic approach is crucial for haemospermia patients, particularly those over 40.
- While advancements in imaging improve diagnosis, a significant percentage of haemospermia cases still have an unknown cause.