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Acetone-butanol fermentation and its variants.

L Häggström1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

Biotechnology Advances
|January 1, 1985
PubMed
Summary

Research on acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation in Clostridium species advances understanding of solvent production. While enzyme activity is linked to solvent-producing cells, the acid-to-solvent transition remains unclear, despite progress in continuous culture productivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbial Metabolism
  • Industrial Fermentation

Background:

  • Intensive research has improved understanding of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation.
  • Metabolic studies on Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinkii reveal enzyme induction is specific to solvent-producing cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the metabolic transition from acid to solvent production in ABE and IBE fermentation.
  • To describe the kinetics of product formation and understand butanol toxicity mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Metabolic investigations on Clostridium species.
  • Studies utilizing continuous and batch cultures.
  • Analysis of immobilized cell processes.

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Main Results:

  • Enzyme activities for solvent production are induced only in solvent-producing cells.
  • Acetic and butyric acids impact metabolic activities, but the transition mechanism is not fully explained.
  • Kinetics of product formation are described from continuous culture studies.
  • Butanol toxicity mechanisms are being elucidated, but tolerance has not significantly increased.
  • Continuous processes, especially with immobilized cells, show superior productivity over batch cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous fermentation processes offer higher productivity compared to batch cultures.
  • Further research is needed to fully explain the acid-to-solvent production transition in Clostridium fermentation.