Insect control with baculoviruses

Baculoviruses have been researched extensively for insect control. Three of their features have been particularly attractive: their host specificity and consequential environmental safety, their virulence in host insects, and their capability for causing disease epizootics. There have been four approaches to their use for insect control: as microbial insecticides for short-term insect population suppression, through seasonal colonization or a recurring "booster shot" for control of more than one pest generation, through introduction-establishment where the viral species or strain was not indigenous, and through environmental manipulation to make the ecosystem more favorable for viral epizootics. Actual usage of baculoviruses in pest management has been disappointing, particularly with the microbial insecticide approach, primarily for three reasons: economics, slow speed of kill, and adverse effects of the environment on the viruses. The recombinant-DNA revolution has greatly increased the prospects for baculoviruses in insect pest management.