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Updated: Aug 22, 2026
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Unilateral Hemisphere of Rat Brain
Published on: October 22, 2016
Anti-kindling effect of slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats
David J Anschel1, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Gregory L Holmes
1Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. danschel@stanford.edu
Abstract:
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals exposed to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has anticonvulsant properties when injected into naive animals. The present study investigated whether the CSF of humans exposed to 1 or 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has similar properties. Using a 4 day rat flurothyl kindling seizure model we found that the kindling rate was significantly decreased by intraventricular injection of CSF from depressed patients exposed to 1 Hz rTMS. The CSF from patients that underwent 10 Hz rTMS showed a trend toward an increased kindling rate. These results support the similarity of ECS and rTMS and suggest that 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS produce distinct physiologic changes.
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