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Related Concept Videos

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Development of auditory asymmetry in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in pre-term infants.

Thierry Morlet¹, J D Durrant, A Lapillonne

¹UMR CNRS 5020, Neurosciences et Systemes Sensoriels, Claude Bernard University, Lyon I, France. tmorle@lsuhsc.edu

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology

|October 14, 2003

Summary

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) show distinct developmental patterns in preterm infants. Left ears in females exhibit amplitude enhancement, while male infants show high-frequency amplitude decreases, suggesting early inter-aural asymmetries.

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Area of Science:

Audiology
Developmental Neuroscience
Neonatal Health

Background:

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) reflect cochlear outer hair cell function.
Previous research indicated TEOAE development continues post-cochlear function onset in preterm infants (34-39 weeks conceptional age).
Gender-based differences in TEOAE development were previously observed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate further the developmental trajectory of TEOAEs in preterm neonates.
To analyze potential differences in TEOAE development between the right and left ears.
To explore sex-specific and ear-specific developmental patterns in TEOAE amplitude.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 510 preterm neonates (1020 ears) aged 34-39 weeks conceptional age.
Measurement and comparison of TEOAE amplitude across different frequency bands.
Statistical analysis to identify significant developmental differences between sexes and ears over time.

Main Results:

Female infants showed enhanced low and medium frequency TEOAE amplitude in the left ear with increasing conceptional age.
Male infants exhibited decreased high-frequency TEOAE amplitude (above 4 kHz) between 34 and 39 weeks, with more pronounced changes in the right ear.
Developmental differences were more pronounced in the right ear for males and in the left ear for females.

Conclusions:

Preterm infant hearing development exhibits significant sex- and ear-specific patterns in TEOAE amplitude.
These findings suggest the emergence of inter-aural asymmetries in auditory function during early development.
The observed developmental features may contribute to known auditory asymmetries in adult humans.