The antiphospholipid syndrome

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) describes an entity characterised by recurrent thrombosis, recurrent spontaneous abortions, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (IgG or IgM). The clinical features of APS include manifestations of thrombosis and/or cell damage. There is usually an associated underlying connective tissue disorder. The primary antiphospholipid syndrome refers to the presence of these clinical features without evidence of an associated autoimmune disorder. Detection of these antibodies include the lupus anticoagulant test, VDRL test and assays for anticardiolipin antibodies. Overlapping populations of these antibodies are detected by various immunologic tests. Management is based on the use of immunosuppressives, platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants.