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Decreasing gender differences in "avoidable" mortality in Sweden.

Ragnar Westerling1

  • 1Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Social Medicine, Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden. Ragnar.Westerling@pubcare.vu.se

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
|October 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Avoidable mortality rates in Sweden showed significant gender disparities, with males experiencing higher death rates. However, these differences narrowed over time, suggesting improving gender equity in health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • "Avoidable" mortality, defined as deaths from conditions amenable to healthcare intervention, serves as a key indicator for evaluating healthcare system performance.
  • Analyzing trends in avoidable mortality is crucial for understanding population health and identifying areas for public health improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender equity in avoidable mortality trends within the Swedish population.
  • To analyze changes in gender differences in mortality amenable to healthcare and health policy from 1971 to 1996.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data on all deaths in Sweden (ages 0-69) from 1971-1996.
  • Identified 18 indicators of avoidable mortality, categorized into those reflecting medical care outcomes and health policy effects.

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  • Calculated age-standardized death rates by sex for each indicator and analyzed trends using regression models.

    • Main Results:

    • Males exhibited 80% higher overall mortality rates compared to females.
    • The most substantial gender disparities were observed in mortality related to health policy effects, while differences for medical care indicators were smaller.
    • Significant reductions in gender differences for several avoidable causes of death were noted, with some differences being eliminated over the study period.

    Conclusions:

    • The avoidable mortality method is effective for continuous epidemiological surveillance of healthcare equity.
    • Decreasing gender differences in avoidable mortality indicators suggest a trend towards reduced gender inequity in health in Sweden.