Dermal exposure to detergents

Epidermal erosion and a 40-60% increase in histamine content of skin were observed in guinea pigs treated with different concentrations of detergents. The primary irritation indices of these animals ranged between 0.3 and 1.5. Eight human subjects with skin lesions attributable to detergent exposure were patch tested with 500 mg of detergents. A positive reaction was observed in 7 of 8 cases. In 4 cases reaction was observed within 24-48 h, while 3 cases had a severe reaction after 72 h. IgA and IgM levels were raised in 2 subjects. This study highlights the irritancy potential and toxic effects of detergent products available in Indian markets.