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Related Experiment Videos

Redness from short-wavelength-sensitive cones does not induce greenness.

S K Shevell1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.

Vision Research
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Short-wavelength reddish surrounds induce redness, contrary to opponent-colors theory. This effect is mediated by middle- and long-wavelength cones, not short-wavelength-sensitive cones.

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Area of Science:

  • Vision science
  • Color perception
  • Visual neuroscience

Background:

  • Opponent-colors theory predicts that a reddish surround should induce greenness in a central test field.
  • Empirical evidence supports this for long-wavelength red surrounds but not short-wavelength red surrounds.
  • Short-wavelength red surrounds surprisingly induce redness in test fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind the unexpected redness induced by short-wavelength reddish surrounds.
  • To test four proposed explanations for this phenomenon, including stray light, receptoral sensitivity changes, assimilation, and the role of short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones.
  • To determine the specific cone pathways involved in opponent chromatic induction.

Main Methods:

  • Color-appearance measurements were used to assess the perceived color of a central test field under different surround conditions.
  • Chromatic cancellation experiments were conducted to isolate the contributions of different cone types.
  • Tritanopic metamers were employed to independently vary the stimulation of S cones in the surround.

Main Results:

  • Long-wavelength red surrounds (660 nm) induced greenness as predicted by opponent-colors theory.
  • Short-wavelength red surrounds (440 nm) induced redness, contradicting the theory.
  • Varying S cone stimulation in the surround by 30-fold did not alter the induced redness/greenness, confirming S cones do not contribute to this effect.
  • The induced redness was solely mediated by middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones.

Conclusions:

  • The opponent-colors theory's prediction of induced greenness from red surrounds is not universally applicable, particularly for short-wavelength reds.
  • Short-wavelength reddish surrounds induce redness due to opponent chromatic induction mediated exclusively by middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones.
  • S cones play a crucial role in the perceived color of the surround but not in the induced color shifts of the test field.

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