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Related Experiment Videos

Genomic instability and bystander effects: a historical perspective.

John B Little1

  • 1Laboratory of Radiobiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA. jlittle@hsph.harvard.edu

Oncogene
|October 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Ionizing radiation causes biological effects in non-exposed cells through genomic instability and bystander effects. These radiation effects may involve oxidative metabolism and impact overall health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emerging data over two decades reveal non-targeted biological effects of ionizing radiation.
  • These effects manifest in cells not directly exposed to radiation.

Observation:

  • Radiation-induced genomic instability affects progeny cells over generations.
  • Radiation-induced bystander effects occur via signals from neighboring irradiated cells.
  • Intercellular communication (gap junctions) or released factors mediate bystander effects.

Findings:

  • Both phenomena are linked to an upregulation of oxidative metabolism.
  • These non-targeted effects challenge traditional radiobiology models.

Implications:

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  • Understanding these effects is crucial for accurate radiation risk assessment.
  • Further research is needed to determine the significance of these phenomena in human health.
  • Investigating oxidative metabolism's role may reveal therapeutic targets.