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Endoscopic intervention for enteral access.

T A Stellato1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

World Journal of Surgery
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Enteral nutrition has evolved from blind tube placement and nutrient enemas to guided endoscopic techniques. Modern advances include percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and laparoscopic methods for improved patient feeding.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Enteral nutrition (EN) has a long history, predating modern clinical nutrition support.
  • Early methods for feeding patients unable to eat included blind intestinal tube placement, radiologically assisted placement, and nutrient enemas.
  • Technological advancements have significantly improved the ability to deliver EN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of enteral nutrition delivery methods.
  • To highlight key innovations in EN techniques, from early interventions to modern endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of enteral nutrition techniques.
  • Discussion of advancements in endoscopic and surgical interventions for EN access.

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Main Results:

  • Pre-endoscopy, EN relied on blind or radiological tube placement and enemas.
  • Fiberoptic endoscopy enabled direct visualization for upper gastrointestinal tube placement.
  • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) revolutionized EN by providing secure access without laparotomy.
  • Laparoscopic techniques represent the latest advancements in creating gastrostomies and jejunostomies.

Conclusions:

  • Enteral nutrition delivery has progressed significantly due to technological innovations.
  • Endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques have enhanced the safety and efficacy of EN.
  • These advancements offer improved options for nutritional support in patients unable to eat conventionally.