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Recent changes in the North Atlantic.

Robert R Dickson1, Ruth Curry, Igor Yashayaev

  • 1Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|October 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Climate forcing may alter Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). While changes in ocean salinity and water cycle are observed, no significant slowdown in MOC has been detected over the past decades.

Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is recognized as sensitive to climate forcing, with potential for abrupt climate change.
  • Mechanisms driving MOC changes and their detection are not fully understood.
  • Four key ocean changes linked to greenhouse-gas forcing include MOC slowing, northern sea changes (freshwater flux, overflows), steric height gradients, and intensified water cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oceanic evidence for anticipated responses to climate forcing.
  • To examine changes in freshwater transport, northern overflows, steric height, and the global water cycle.
  • To assess the evidence for a slowdown in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.

Main Methods:

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  • Analysis of a wide range of time-series data from the existing hydrographic record.
  • Examination of evidence for changes in southward freshwater transport, northern overflows, and global hydrologic cycle.
  • Assessment of ocean salinity changes for consistency with water cycle amplification.

    • Main Results:

    • Large amplitude and sustained changes observed over the past three to four decades in southward freshwater transport along the Labrador shelf and slope.
    • Significant changes detected in the hydrography of deep dense overflows from Nordic seas and the eastern overflow through Faroe Bank Channel.
    • Evidence indicates an intensification of the global hydrologic cycle, consistent with observed ocean salinity changes.

    Conclusions:

    • While changes in ocean salinity and water cycle are consistent with climate forcing, no convincing evidence for a significant, concerted slowdown in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was found.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand MOC mechanisms and improve detection capabilities.