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Related Experiment Videos

The microRNA world: small is mighty.

Peter Nelson1, Marianthi Kiriakidou, Anup Sharma

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|October 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Small RNAs regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA for destruction or repression. These ~22 nucleotide RNAs, processed by Dicer and Argonaute proteins, offer a simple yet powerful gene control mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression is regulated by various mechanisms.
  • Small RNAs represent a newly discovered class of regulatory molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the emerging paradigm of RNA-directed gene expression regulation.
  • To highlight the mechanism and potential of small RNAs in controlling gene networks.

Main Methods:

  • Processing of double-stranded RNA by Dicer nuclease.
  • Incorporation of small RNAs with Argonaute proteins.

Main Results:

  • Cells express small RNAs (~22 nucleotides) that direct mRNA destruction or translational repression.
  • Small RNAs can potentially target and silence homologous DNA sequences.

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Conclusions:

  • Small RNAs provide a simple yet profound mechanism for gene expression regulation.
  • The role of small RNAs as controllers of gene networks is a rapidly unfolding area with immense potential.