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Related Experiment Videos

Veterinary medicines in the environment.

A B A Boxall1, L A Fogg, P A Blackwell

  • 1Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry, Shardlow Hall, Shardlow, Derby DE72 2GN, UK.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|October 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Veterinary medicines enter the environment through various routes, with their impact depending on physicochemical properties and environmental factors. Monitoring confirms their presence, and ecotoxicity data highlight risks to aquatic organisms, though long-term effects require further study.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Veterinary Pharmacology

Background:

  • Veterinary medicines are crucial for animal health but can impact the environment.
  • Factors influencing environmental impact include physicochemical properties, usage patterns, and degradation rates.
  • Understanding environmental entry routes and fate is essential for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the environmental impact of veterinary medicines.
  • To identify key factors affecting their fate and transport in the environment.
  • To summarize ecotoxicity data and highlight knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of factors influencing environmental impact.
  • Analysis of veterinary medicine entry routes into terrestrial and aquatic environments.

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  • Summary of monitoring data and ecotoxicity studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Veterinary medicines enter the environment via manure, slurry, direct excretion, and aquaculture.
    • Sheep dip chemicals, antibiotics, and anthelmintics are frequently detected.
    • Partitioning and persistence vary significantly, with K(d) values ranging widely.
    • Avermectins and sheep dip chemicals show high toxicity to aquatic organisms at low concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Veterinary medicine environmental impact is multifactorial, influenced by usage and environmental conditions.
    • Current monitoring confirms environmental presence, with specific compounds posing risks.
    • Further research is needed to fully assess subtle, long-term ecotoxicological effects, especially for antibiotics.