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Stevioside
1Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium. jan.geuns@bio.kuleuven.ac.be
Phytochemistry
|October 17, 2003
Summary
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni leaf extract, stevioside, is a safe natural sweetener. Extensive toxicological reviews confirm its low toxicity and suitability for diabetics, PKU patients, and weight management.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Toxicology
- Natural Products
Background:
- Stevioside is a natural sweetener derived from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni leaves.
- Literature review focusing on occurrence, biosynthesis, and toxicological aspects of Stevia sweeteners.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the safety of Stevia and stevioside as food sweeteners.
- To evaluate toxicological data, including metabolism, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and acute/subacute toxicity.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review excluding organ injection/perfusion studies irrelevant to food use.
- Analysis of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, fertility, teratogenicity, and bioavailability studies.
Main Results:
- Stevioside metabolism and potential steviol formation were examined.
- Acute and subacute toxicity studies indicate very low toxicity for Stevia and stevioside.
- Fertility, teratogenicity, and nutrient bioavailability effects were assessed.
Conclusions:
- Stevia and stevioside are concluded to be safe for use as sweeteners.
- Suitable for individuals with diabetes, phenylketonuria (PKU), and those managing weight.
- No significant allergic reactions have been reported.