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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
Published on: July 29, 2010
Multistage carcinogenesis and the incidence of human cancer
Suresh H Moolgavkar1, E Georg Luebeck
1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. smoolgav@fhcrc.org
Abstract:
We consider the implications of multistage carcinogenesis for the incidence of cancer in human populations. When clonal expansion of partially altered cells is properly accounted for, we find it unnecessary to invoke genomic instability as an early event in malignant transformation. Environmental agents that increase the rate of clonal expansion of partially altered cells are efficient carcinogens. As a corollary, intervention strategies that decrease this rate are to be preferred to strategies that decrease the rate of early mutational events in carcinogenesis.
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