Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) regulates endocrine activity of the embryonic testis in the mouse

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is important for gonadal and reproductive functions in mammals, although the physiological role of this growth factor during gonadal development in rodents remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the steady-state levels of IGF-I mRNA by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IGF-I protein expression was also detected by Western blot. The effect of IGF-I as promoter of 17alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity in vitro was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Onset of IGF-I gene expression was on day E10 (urogenital ridge stage). IGF-I mRNA expression was markedly reduced on days E12 and E13 (testicular differentiation stage). IGF-I transcripts increased on day E14 and their transcription levels were maintained throughout the stages analyzed. Several IGF-I protein bands of 31-100 kDa were observed. Culture experiments demonstrated that 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone (T) secretion levels increased in the presence of IGF-I on days E11-E17. Additive effects of IGF-I plus (Bu)2cAMP were also seen during testicular development. It is proposed that IGF-I regulates the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes important for endocrine activity of the testis during prenatal development leading to establishment of the male phenotype and fertility.