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Heavy gas dispersion: integral models and shallow layer models.

Robin K S Hankin¹

¹School of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand. r.hankin@soc.soton.ac.uk

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|October 22, 2003

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This study compares the TWODEE shallow layer model with integral models for heavy gas dispersion. TWODEE predictions align with integral models, offering a valuable alternative for risk assessment applications.

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Chemical engineering

Background:

Integral models are widely used for heavy gas dispersion risk assessment but show significant prediction variability.
Previous code comparison exercises highlighted discrepancies among existing integral models for instantaneous releases.
Shallow layer models, like TWODEE, employ different physical assumptions than integral models.

Purpose of the Study:

To incorporate the TWODEE shallow layer model into an existing heavy gas dispersion model comparison exercise.
To evaluate the performance of TWODEE against established integral models.
To discuss the implications of differing physical assumptions for risk assessment.

Main Methods:

The TWODEE shallow layer model was applied to simulate four representative heavy gas dispersion scenarios.

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Simulations were conducted for instantaneous releases, a common case in risk assessment.

TWODEE's predictions were compared against results from integral models used in Mercer's exercise.

Main Results:

TWODEE's predictions for cloud-averaged concentration (CAC) versus centroid position were consistent with integral models.
Despite neglecting horizontal diffusion for passive clouds, TWODEE did not generally overpredict concentrations at large distances.
The study provides a benchmark for TWODEE's performance in heavy gas dispersion scenarios.

Conclusions:

The TWODEE shallow layer model provides predictions comparable to integral models for heavy gas dispersion.
The findings suggest TWODEE is a viable alternative for risk assessment, particularly where its assumptions are appropriate.
Further investigation into the implications of shallow layer model assumptions for risk assessment is warranted.