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Plasma membrane disruption: repair, prevention, adaptation.

Paul L McNeil1, Richard A Steinhardt

  • 1Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA. pmcneil@mail.mcg.edu

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 23, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cells must rapidly repair plasma membrane disruptions using endomembrane delivery via exocytosis. Structural adaptations and dynamic responses prevent damage, with failures leading to disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Metazoan cells frequently encounter mechanical stress, leading to plasma membrane disruptions.
  • Cell survival depends on rapid and efficient repair mechanisms for these disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying rapid plasma membrane resealing.
  • To investigate the roles of endomembrane, cytoskeletal proteins, and exocytosis in repair.
  • To understand cellular and tissue-level strategies for preventing membrane damage.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the structural and molecular aspects of membrane repair, drawing on established knowledge of cellular processes.
  • It examines the role of endomembrane delivery through calcium-triggered exocytosis.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Cell BiologyNASA Program Fundamental Space BiologyNon-NASA Center

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  • It also analyzes the contribution of cellular architecture and protein-based structures in force transmission and prevention.

    • Main Results:

    • Rapid resealing of plasma membrane disruptions is an active process.
    • Endomembrane serves as the primary building material for repair.
    • Cytoskeletal and membrane fusion proteins act as catalysts in the resealing process.
    • Exocytosis, a calcium-dependent response, delivers endomembrane to the damage site.
    • Cellular and tissue architecture provide mechanical protection and facilitate safe force transmission.
    • Dynamic adaptations to mechanical stress contribute to damage prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective plasma membrane repair is crucial for cell survival in mechanically stressful environments.
    • A combination of active resealing and passive prevention mechanisms ensures membrane integrity.
    • Failure in either repair or prevention pathways can lead to disease states.