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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing more...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
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Published on: December 10, 2010

Functional genomics and radioisotope-based imaging procedures.

Uwe Haberkorn1, Annette Altmann

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Heidelberg and Clinical Cooperation Unit, Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, FRG. Uwe_Haberkorn@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Annals of Medicine
|October 24, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive imaging, including SPECT and PET scans, is crucial for assessing gene function and evaluating gene therapy. These nuclear medicine techniques utilize novel tracers and reporter genes for diagnostics and treatment monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The completion of the human genome project necessitates advanced non-invasive imaging techniques.
  • Assessing gene function in genetically modified organisms and biomolecules requires integrated physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of in vivo imaging technologies like SPECT and PET in understanding gene function and regulation.
  • To explore the application of nuclear medicine in pharmacogenomics, drug distribution studies, and clinical gene therapy evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing established and novel tracers with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
  • Employing in vivo reporter genes (enzymes, receptors, antigens, transporters) for gene expression monitoring.
  • Applying radio-labeled substrates to assess enzyme activity, such as Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase for therapy planning.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear medicine procedures enable the determination of gene function and regulation through tracer-based imaging.
  • Pharmacogenomics can identify new imaging tracers for therapy monitoring and drug distribution studies.
  • Non-invasive imaging tools are essential for evaluating gene transfer efficiency, therapy planning, and prognosis in clinical gene therapy.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo imaging with SPECT and PET, combined with reporter gene technology and novel tracers, is vital for advancing gene function studies and gene therapy.
  • Bioengineered biomolecules hold potential for future isotope-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • These imaging modalities provide critical data for personalized medicine, treatment optimization, and patient outcome prediction.