[Secondary prevention after stroke: healthy life style, oral anticoagulation]

For patients who suffered a TIA or a stroke the risk of a second event is high. The recurrence rate, however, can be significantly reduced by a number of prophylactic strategies. Methods for secondary stroke prevention include a healthy lifestyle, intensive body exercise, a low cholesterol diet, and the cessation of smoking. High levels of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose should be rigorously controlled. In particular, blood pressure levels should remain below 135/85 mmHg including a physiological day/night profile. All patients at high risk for cardiac embolism should receive oral anticoagulants. As the risk for embolic events increases with age (especially in patients with atrial fibrillation), a rigid "age-cutoff" for anticoagulation is not justified.