Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents
Published on: July 3, 2013
Hysteresis effect implicates calcium cycling as a mechanism of repolarization alternans
Mariah L Walker1, Xiaoping Wan, Glenn E Kirsch
1Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Dr, Hamman 330, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA.
T-wave alternans hysteresis, a phenomenon where alternans persist after heart rate slows, is an intrinsic cardiac myocyte property. This suggests intracellular calcium cycling is key to alternans mechanisms and sudden cardiac death risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Electrophysiology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- T-wave alternans, a marker of repolarization instability, is linked to sudden cardiac death.
- A hysteresis effect, where T-wave alternans persist after heart rate reduction, has been observed in patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if T-wave alternans hysteresis is an intrinsic property of cardiac myocytes.
- To explore the role of intracellular calcium cycling in the mechanism of alternans hysteresis.
Main Methods:
- Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts were paced to induce alternans, with optical action potentials recorded.
- Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was performed on isolated cardiac myocytes, with and without BAPTA-AM (calcium chelator).
Main Results:
- Alternans hysteresis was consistently observed in isolated hearts, with alternans persisting at significantly lower heart rates during deceleration.
- Optical mapping revealed hysteresis in the threshold for spatially discordant alternans.
- Calcium chelation with BAPTA-AM dose-dependently increased alternans threshold and inhibited hysteresis without affecting baseline action potential duration.
Conclusions:
- Alternans hysteresis is an intrinsic property of cardiac myocytes.
- This hysteresis can lead to persistent arrhythmogenic alternans even after heart rate normalization.
- Intracellular calcium cycling plays a critical role in the mechanism underlying T-wave alternans.
More Related Videos
09:26Optical Mapping of Intra-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ and Transmembrane Potential in the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart
Published on: September 10, 2015
07:42Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates
Published on: October 18, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Cardiac Action Potential
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials