Richard Gomulkiewicz1, Scott L Nuismer, John N Thompson
1School of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 644236, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA. gomulki@wsu.edu
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Mutualistic interactions can shift between beneficial and harmful due to environmental changes. This variability can destabilize species relationships, impacting coevolutionary dynamics and ecosystem stability.
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