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Related Experiment Videos

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in malignant disease.

V O Van Hoof1, A T Van Oosterom, L G Lepoutre

  • 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.

Clinical Chemistry
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Detecting early cancer metastasis using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes shows promise. Liver and bone ALP isoenzyme patterns can help identify metastasis, improving patient survival through early intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Early detection of malignant disease metastasis, particularly to the liver and bone, is crucial for increasing patient survival.
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes are potential biomarkers for detecting metastatic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of liver and bone isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in detecting early metastasis.
  • To establish cutoff and predictive values for liver ALP, high-molecular-mass (high-M(r)) ALP, and bone ALP in identifying liver and bone metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to separate ALP isoenzymes.
  • ALP isoenzyme patterns were analyzed in healthy individuals and patient groups with malignant disease, nonmalignant liver disease, and nonmalignant bone disease.

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Main Results:

  • Liver and high-M(r) ALP showed higher positive predictive value than total ALP for liver metastasis but could not differentiate malignant from nonmalignant liver disease.
  • Total ALP activity was more effective than liver and high-M(r) ALP in ruling out liver metastasis.
  • Bone ALP activity could not distinguish between nonmalignant bone disease and bone metastasis; its positive predictive value for bone metastasis was high, exceeding that of total ALP, though its negative predictive value was low.

Conclusions:

  • ALP isoenzyme analysis, particularly liver and high-M(r) ALP, offers improved detection of liver metastasis compared to total ALP.
  • Bone ALP shows high positive predictive value for bone metastasis, aiding in its diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate malignant from nonmalignant conditions using ALP isoenzymes.