Ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide: effects on immunosurveillance
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Updated: Aug 30, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Published on: June 12, 2021
G Binotto1, L Trentin, G Semenzato
1Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy.
Abstract:
Ifosfamide (IF) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) are chemotherapeutic agents frequently used in the treatment of human malignancies. These drugs can exhibit a bimodal mechanism of antitumor action with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects when associated with adoptive immunotherapy. In human peripheral blood lymphocytes, IF irreversibly inhibits the proliferative response to interleukin-2 in a dose-dependent manner and may also induce the phosphorylation of HSP27 by depleting glutathione. CTX promotes discrete cytokine profiles upregulating the expansion of Th1 cells, and this may be important to increase cellular immune response. The data presented in this report indicate that treatment regimens of CTX and IF may be used according to the tumor immunogenicity.
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