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Updated: Aug 30, 2026

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model of Cartilage Remodeling in Bovine Knee Explants
Published on: November 3, 2019
Cytokine synergy, collagenases and cartilage collagen breakdown
Tim E Cawston1, Jenny M Milner, Jon B Catterall
1School of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K. T.E.Cawston@ncl.ac.uk
Abstract:
We have investigated proteinases that degrade cartilage collagen. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines act synergistically with oncastatin M to promote cartilage collagen resorption by the up-regulation and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The precise mechanisms are not known, but involve the up-regulation of c-fos, which binds to MMP promoters at a proximal activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. This markedly up-regulates transcription and leads to higher levels of active MMP proteins.
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